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TIS Operation and Symbology
Part One: Section 1
How TIS differs from TCAS
The main difference between TIS and TCAS is the
source of surveillance data. TCAS uses an airborne
interrogator with a one-second update rate, while TIS uses
the terminal Mode S ground interrogator and its Data Link
to provide about a five-second update rate. The range
accuracy of TIS and TCAS is similar.
TIS Limitations
NOTE: This section on TIS Limitations is not com-
prehensive. Garmin recommends the user review
the TIS Limitations section of the Aeronautical
Information Manual, Sections 4-5-6 and 4-5-8.
TIS is NOT intended to be used as a collision avoidance
system and does not relieve the pilot of responsibility to
“see and avoid” other aircraft. TIS should not be used for
avoidance maneuvers during IMC or other times when
there is no visual contact with the intruder aircraft. TIS
is intended only to assist in visual acquisition of other
aircraft in VMC. No recommended avoidance maneuvers
are provided for, nor authorized, as a direct result of a TIS
intruder display or TIS advisory.
While TIS is a useful aid to visual traffic avoidance, it
has some system limitations that must be fully understood
to ensure proper use. Many of these limitations are
inherent in secondary radar surveillance. In other words,
the information provided by TIS will be no better than
that provided to ATC. TIS will only display aircraft with
operating transponders installed.
TIS relies on surveillance of the Mode S radar, which
is a “secondary surveillance” radar similar to the ATCRBS.
TIS operation may be intermittent during turns or other
maneuvering. TIS is dependent on two-way, “line-of-
sight” communication between the aircraft and the Mode
S radar. Whenever the structure of the client aircraft
comes between the transponder antenna (usually located
on the underside of the aircraft) and the ground-based
radar antenna, the signal may be temporarily interrupted.
Other limitations and anomalies associated with TIS are
described in the AIM, Sections 4-5-6 and 4-5-8.
Garmin is not responsible for Mode S geo-
graphical coverage. Operation of the ground
stations is the responsibility of the FAA. Refer
to the Aeronautical Information Manual for a
Terminal Mode S Radar Site Map covering the
U.S.
NOTE: TIS will be unavailable at low altitudes in
many areas of the U.S., particularly in mountain-
ous regions. Also, when flying near the “floor”
of radar coverage in a particular area, intruders
below the client aircraft may not be detected by
TIS.
TIS information is collected one radar scan prior to
the scan during which the uplink occurs. Therefore, the
surveillance information is approximately five seconds old.
In order to present the intruders in a “real time” position,
the TIS ground station uses a “predictive algorithm” in its
tracking software. This algorithm uses track history data to
extrapolate intruders to their expected positions consistent
with the time of display in the cockpit. Occasionally,
aircraft maneuvering will cause this algorithm to induce
errors in the 400W/500W display. These errors primarily
affect relative bearing information and traffic target track
vector (it will lag); intruder distance and altitude will
remain relatively accurate and may be used to assist in
“see and avoid.” Some of the more common examples of
these errors follow:
190-00356-30 Rev L
- 400W / 500W Series 1
- Foreward 2
- Warnings and Cautions 3
- Table of Contents 4
- Part One: 7
- Traffic Information Service 7
- (TIS) Interface 7
- Symbology 7
- How TIS differs from TCAS 8
- TIS Limitations 8
- Improving TIS 9
- TIS Symbology 9
- TIS Operation and Symbology 10
- Part One: Section 1 10
- Part One: Section 2 11
- TIS Controls and Display 11
- Traffic Target Track Vector 12
- Traffic Warning Window 12
- Map Page 13
- Part One: Section 3 15
- Introduction 15
- Power-Up Test 15
- TIS Operational Procedures 15
- Manual Override 16
- Flight Procedures 16
- After Landing 16
- Part Two: 17
- XM Radio Interface 17
- Section 1: Introduction 17
- Section 2: SiriusXM Weather 18
- 190-00356-30 Rev L 19
- Part Two: Section 2 20
- XM Weather 20
- SiriusXM Weather 20
- SiriusXM Weather METARs 23
- TFR Information 25
- Lightning (LTNG) 27
- Cell Movement (CELL MOVE) 27
- Part Two: Section 3 28
- Winds Aloft 28
- The display includes: 28
- Section 3: XM AUX Pages 29
- XM WX Timestamps 30
- Part Two: Section 4 30
- XM Audio 30
- XM Audio Menu 33
- Add to Presets List 33
- Part Three: 37
- TAWS Interface 37
- Section 2: TAWS Operation 38
- Part Three: Section 2 39
- TAWS Operation 39
- Inhibit Mode 39
- TAWS Manual Test 40
- TAWS Symbols 40
- General Database Information 42
- Database Versions 42
- Database Updates 43
- Coverage 43
- Section 3: TAWS Alerts 44
- Part Three: Section 3 45
- TAWS Alerts 45
- “DON’T SINK”“DON’T SINK” 47
- No GPS Position 48
- TAWS FAILED Display 48
- Pilot Actions 50
- Part Four: 51
- HTAWS Interface 51
- Section 2: HTAWS Operation 52
- Part Four: Section 2 53
- HTAWS Operation 53
- Reduced Protection Mode 54
- Mute Active Caution 55
- HTAWS Manual Test 56
- HTAWS Legend 56
- Obstacle Symbol 57
- WARNING (Red) 58
- CAUTION (Yellow) 58
- Part Four: Section 3 59
- HTAWS Alerts 59
- Section 3: HTAWS Alerts 60
- Voice Call Out Aural Alert 61
- HTAWS Not Available Alert 62
- HTAWS Failure Alert 62
- HTAWS Alert Summary 62
- Part Five: 65
- Terrain Proximity Interface 65
- Part Five 66
- Terrain Proximity 66
- Select “Show Legend” 67
- Terrain Proximity Limitations 68
- System Status 68
- Part Six: 69
- Garmin GTS 8XX Series 69
- Interface 69
- Part Six 70
- GTS 800 Interface 70
- Voice Announcements 70
- Drawing Not to Scale 71
- Traffic Page Display Range 72
- Part Seven: 75
- Garmin GDL 88/88D Interface 75
- Section 2: FIS-B Weather 76
- NEXRAD Description 77
- Part Seven: Section 2 77
- Section 3: Traffic 81
- Altitude Display Mode 82
- Part Seven: Section 3 82
- GDL 88 Interface: Traffic 82
- Traffic Page 84
- Traffic On Map Page 84
- Traffic Off-Scale (Map Page) 84
- Altitude Display Modes 84
- Traffic With GDL 88 84
- Traffic Alert Pop-Up 85
- Failure Response 88
- RYAN TCAD 89
- Part Eight: 91
- Garmin Connext Interface 91
- Section 2: Bluetooth Status 92
- View Device Details 93
- Auto-Reconnect 93
- Part Eight: Section 2 93
- Part Eight: Section 3 94
- Unpair Device 94
- Part Eight: Section 4 95
- View User Waypoint List 97
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