Garmin G1000 Socata TBM 850 User Manual Page 312
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Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850
190-00709-00 Rev. A6-12
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
REFLECTIVITY
Reflectivity is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver. Colors on the NEXRAD
display directly correlate to the level of detected reflectivity. Reflectivity as it relates to hazardous weather
can be very complex.
The role of radar is essentially to detect moisture in the atmosphere. Simply put, certain types of weather
reflect radar better than others. The intensity of a radar reflection is not necessarily an indication of the
weather hazard level. For instance, wet hail returns a strong radar reflection, while dry hail does not. Both
wet and dry hail can be extremely hazardous.
The different NEXRAD echo intensities are measured in decibels (dB) relative to reflectivity (Z). NEXRAD
measures the radar reflectivity ratio, or the energy reflected back to the radar receiver (designated by the
letter Z). The value of Z increases as the returned signal strength increases.
NEXRAD LIMITATIONS
NEXRAD radar images may have certain limitations:
• NEXRAD base reflectivity does not provide sufficient information to determine cloud layers or precipitation
characteristics. For example, it is not possible to distinguish between wet snow, wet hail, and rain.
• NEXRAD base reflectivity is sampled at the minimum antenna elevation angle. An individual NEXRAD
site cannot depict high altitude storms at close ranges. It has no information about storms directly over
the site.
• When zoomed in to a range of 30 nm, each square block on the display represents an area of four square
kilometers. The intensity level reflected by each square represents the highest level of NEXRAD data
sampled within the area.
Figure 6-11 NEXRAD Data - Zoomed
Each block
covers an Area
of 4 sq. km
- 190-00709-00 Rev. A 2
- LIMITED WARRANTY 3
- WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES 4
- REVISION INFORMATION 6
- TABLE OF CONTENTS 10
- SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 11
- SYSTEM OVERVIEW 12
- 1.3 G1000 CONTROLS 17
- AFCS CONTROLS 20
- ADDITIONAL AFCS CONTROLS 21
- 1.4 SECURE DIGITAL CARDS 24
- 1.5 SYSTEM POWER-UP 25
- 1.6 SYSTEM OPERATION 26
- AHRS OPERATION 27
- GPS INPUT FAILURE 28
- G1000 SYSTEM ANNUNCIATIONS 29
- SOFTKEY FUNCTION 30
- MFD SOFTKEYS 34
- GPS RECEIVER OPERATION 35
- MFD PAGE GROUPS 40
- Figure 1-26 Map Pages 41
- Figure 1-27 Waypoint Pages 41
- Figure 1-28 Auxiliary Pages 42
- MFD SYSTEM PAGES 44
- DISPLAY UNITS 45
- AIRSPACE ALERTS 46
- AUDIO ALERTS 47
- MFD DATA BAR FIELDS 47
- COM CONFIGURATION 48
- NEAREST AIRPORTS 48
- CDI/BARO SYNCHRONIZATION 49
- PILOT PROFILES 49
- SYSTEM STATUS PAGE 51
- 1.8 DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING 52
- SECTION 2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 55
- FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 56
- 2.1 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 58
- ATTITUDE INDICATOR 60
- ALTIMETER 62
- RADAR ALTIMETER 65
- VERTICAL DEVIATION 67
- TURN RATE INDICATOR 71
- DME INFORMATION WINDOW 72
- GPS CDI SCALING 76
- OBS MODE 79
- 2.2 SUPPLEMENTAL FLIGHT DATA 81
- WIND DATA 82
- SYSTEM ALERTING 84
- TRAFFIC ANNUNCIATION 85
- TAWS ANNUNCIATIONS 85
- ALTITUDE ALERTING 86
- LOW ALTITUDE ANNUNCIATION 86
- MARKER BEACON ANNUNCIATIONS 88
- 2.4 ABNORMAL OPERATIONS 89
- UNUSUAL ATTITUDES 90
- ENGINE PARAMETERS 94
- GENERATOR SPEED GAUGE 95
- ITT GAUGE 95
- CABIN PRESSURIZATION 96
- FUEL INFORMATION 96
- ELECTRICAL INFORMATION 97
- TRIM AND FLAP INDICATORS 97
- 3.2 SYNOPTICS 98
- ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 99
- ENGINE & AIRFRAME SYSTEMS 100
- Right Fuel Line 101
- Fuel Flow Data 101
- GENERAL SYSTEMS 102
- CAS DISPLAY INHIBITS 106
- 4.1 OVERVIEW 107
- AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 108
- AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS 110
- 4.2 COM OPERATION 112
- COM TRANSCEIVER MANUAL TUNING 113
- Frequency Transfer 113
- AUTO-TUNING THE COM FREQUENCY 115
- AUTO-TUNING FROM THE MFD 116
- FREQUENCY SPACING 120
- AUTOMATIC SQUELCH 121
- 4.3 NAV OPERATION 122
- NAV RECEIVER MANUAL TUNING 123
- VOR/LOC ID 124
- MARKER BEACON RECEIVER 130
- ADF/DME TUNING 131
- ADF TUNING 132
- SELECTING ADF RECEIVER MODE 133
- DME TUNING 134
- TRANSPONDER CONTROLS 135
- TRANSPONDER MODE SELECTION 136
- GROUND MODE 137
- STANDBY MODE (MANUAL) 137
- MANUAL ON MODE 137
- REPLY STATUS 138
- ENTERING A TRANSPONDER CODE 139
- IDENT FUNCTION 140
- FLIGHT ID REPORTING 141
- POWER-UP 142
- MONO/STEREO HEADSETS 142
- INTERCOM 143
- PASSENGER ADDRESS (PA) SYSTEM 144
- SIMULTANEOUS COM OPERATION 144
- CLEARANCE RECORDER AND PLAYER 145
- ENTERTAINMENT INPUTS 146
- 4.7 ABNORMAL OPERATION 149
- PFD FAILURE, DUAL SYSTEM 150
- REVERSIONARY MODE 151
- BLANK PAGE 152
- SECTION 5 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 153
- FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 154
- NAVIGATION STATUS BOX 155
- 5.2 USING MAP DISPLAYS 156
- MAP RANGE 158
- AUTO ZOOM 159
- MAP PANNING 161
- TOPOGRAPHY 167
- MAP SYMBOLS 170
- AVIATION SYMBOLS 171
- SYMBOL SETUP 172
- MAP DECLUTTER 174
- TRACK VECTOR 178
- WIND VECTOR 179
- NAV RANGE RING 180
- FUEL RANGE RING 181
- 5.3 WAYPOINTS 182
- AIRPORTS 183
- - Identification 185
- - Frequency 185
- - Usage/Time/Elev 186
- - Region 186
- - Lat/Long 186
- - ID/Type/City 186
- - Facility 186
- - Type of Runway Surface 188
- - Minimum Runway Length 188
- - Facility Name/City 194
- - Class/Magnetic Variation 194
- - Bearing/Distance to VOR 194
- from aircraft position 194
- CREATING USER WAYPOINTS 196
- EDITING USER WAYPOINTS 197
- DELETING USER WAYPOINTS 199
- 5.4 AIRSPACES 200
- - Airspace Altitude Buffer 202
- - Alert On/Off 202
- (Default Settings Shown) 202
- 5.5 DIRECT-TO-NAVIGATION 205
- - Cancel Direct-To 208
- Navigation 208
- - Clear Vertical Navigation 210
- Constraints 210
- 5.6 FLIGHT PLANNING 211
- - Airway Identifier: [airway 219
- (e.g., V4.SLN) 219
- Activate Flight Plan 220
- Load Departure 220
- Load Arrival 220
- Load Approach 220
- DEPARTURE (DP) 221
- [departure transition] 222
- [departure end point] 222
- ARRIVAL (STAR) 223
- - Arrival Identifier: 224
- APPROACH (APPR) 225
- (e.g., KCOS-RNAV 35R 226
- GPS LPV) 226
- FLIGHT PLAN STORAGE 226
- - Departure Airport 227
- - Destination Airport 227
- - Total Flight Plan Distance 227
- - Enroute Safe Altitude 227
- SORT FLIGHT PLANS 228
- ACTIVATE A FLIGHT PLAN 228
- COPY A FLIGHT PLAN 228
- FLIGHT PLAN EDITING 229
- DELETING FLIGHT PLAN ITEMS 230
- ALONG TRACK OFFSETS 232
- PARALLEL TRACK 234
- (Unavailable) 236
- Invalid Approach 236
- Geometry Active 236
- ACTIVATING A FLIGHT PLAN LEG 237
- INVERTING A FLIGHT PLAN 238
- FLIGHT PLAN VIEWS 239
- COLLAPSING AIRWAYS 240
- Collapsed View 241
- Expanded View 241
- CLOSEST POINT OF FPL 241
- 5.7 VERTICAL NAVIGATION 242
- Prior to VNV Direct-to 243
- After VNV Direct-to 243
- ALTITUDE CONSTRAINTS 244
- 5.8 PROCEDURES 248
- ARRIVALS 251
- APPROACHES 253
- - LNAV+V 254
- - L/VNAV 254
- ACTIVATING AN APPROACH 256
- MISSED APPROACH 257
- FT’) is not part 258
- 5.9 TRIP PLANNING 259
- TRIP STATISTICS 260
- FUEL STATISTICS 261
- OTHER STATISTICS 261
- 5.10 RAIM PREDICTION 266
- WAAS Enable/Disable 268
- (displays RAIM 268
- PREDICTION) 268
- - WAAS Enable/Disable 269
- 5.12 ABNORMAL OPERATION 298
- All data except 299
- Active Leg, TAS 299
- SECTION 6 HAZARD AVOIDANCE 301
- HAZARD AVOIDANCE 302
- Select the BACK Softkey to 306
- REFLECTIVITY 312
- NEXRAD LIMITATIONS 312
- NEXRAD LIMITATIONS (CANADA) 313
- ECHO TOPS 314
- CLOUD TOPS 316
- XM LIGHTNING 317
- CELL MOVEMENT 318
- SIGMETS AND AIRMETS 319
- METARS AND TAFS 321
- FREEZING LEVEL 324
- WINDS ALOFT 325
- COUNTY WARNINGS 327
- SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 329
- ANTENNA BEAM ILLUMINATION 330
- RADAR SIGNAL ATTENUATION 331
- RADAR SIGNAL REFLECTIVITY 332
- PRECIPITATION 332
- GROUND RETURNS 333
- ANGLE OF INCIDENCE 333
- SAFE OPERATING DISTANCE 334
- BASIC ANTENNA TILT SETUP 334
- THUNDERSTORMS 336
- TORNADOES 338
- OPERATION IN WEATHER MODE 339
- ADJUSTING ANTENNA TILT ANGLE 342
- ADJUSTING GAIN 344
- SECTOR SCAN 345
- ANTENNA STABILIZATION 346
- WEATHER ALERT 348
- SELECTING THE STORMSCOPE PAGE 354
- 6.4 TERRAIN PROXIMITY 357
- TERRAIN PROXIMITY PAGE 360
- DISPLAYING TAWS DATA 363
- TAWS PAGE 365
- TAWS ALERTS 367
- TAWS INHIBIT 368
- EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE ALERT 370
- PREMATURE DESCENT ALERTING 372
- FIVE-HUNDRED AURAL ALERT 372
- SYSTEM STATUS 374
- TAS SYMBOLOGY 376
- OPERATION 377
- DISPLAYING TRAFFIC DATA 378
- ALTITUDE DISPLAY 379
- TAS ALERTS 382
- 7.1 AFCS CONTROLS 386
- AFCS STATUS BOX 389
- FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES 390
- SWITCHING FLIGHT DIRECTORS 390
- COMMAND BARS 391
- 7.3 VERTICAL MODES 392
- PITCH HOLD MODE (PIT) 393
- ALTITUDE HOLD MODE (ALT) 395
- VERTICAL SPEED MODE (VS) 396
- Altitude is reached 398
- NON-PATH DESCENTS 402
- Mode is armed 403
- GLIDEPATH MODE (GP) 404
- GLIDESLOPE MODE (GS) 405
- 7.4 LATERAL MODES 407
- ROLL HOLD MODE (ROL) 408
- LOW BANK MODE 408
- HEADING SELECT MODE (HDG) 409
- CHANGING THE SELECTED COURSE 411
- BACKCOURSE MODE (BC) 414
- FLIGHT CONTROL 415
- ENGAGEMENT 416
- CONTROL WHEEL STEERING 416
- DISENGAGEMENT 417
- 7.6 EXAMPLE FLIGHT PLAN 418
- DEPARTURE 419
- Figure 7-37 Departure 420
- INTERCEPTING A VOR RADIAL 421
- Figure 7-40 FLC Descent 423
- Figure 7-41 VPTH Descent 424
- Figure 7-42 Non-path Descent 426
- APPROACH 427
- GPS APR/ 428
- GO AROUND/MISSED APPROACH 429
- GPS NAV Mode 430
- AFCS STATUS ALERTS 431
- OVERSPEED PROTECTION 432
- 8.1 SAFETAXI 433
- ADDITIONAL FEATURES 434
- 8.2 CHARTVIEW 439
- TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS 440
- CHART OPTIONS 450
- DAY/NIGHT VIEW 456
- 8.3 FLITECHARTS 462
- USING XM RADIO 483
- CATEGORY 485
- 8.5 SCHEDULER 487
- 8.7 ABNORMAL OPERATION 492
- ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS 495
- APPENDIX A 496
- COMPARATOR ANNUNCIATIONS 497
- DATABASE MESSAGE ADVISORIES 502
- GMA 1347D MESSAGE ADVISORIES 505
- GIA 63W MESSAGE ADVISORIES 505
- GEA 71 MESSAGE ADVISORIES 507
- GRS 77 MESSAGE ADVISORIES 508
- GMU 44 MESSAGE ADVISORIES 509
- GDL 69A MESSAGE ADVISORIES 509
- GWX 68 MESSAGE ADVISORIES 509
- GDC 74B MESSAGE ADVISORIES 510
- GCU 475 MESSAGE ADVISORIES 510
- GMC 710 MESSAGE ADVISORIES 510
- AFCS ALERTS 513
- OTHER G1000 AURAL ALERTS 515
- SD CARD USE 517
- GARMIN DATABASES 518
- APPENDIX B 519
- UPDATING GARMIN DATABASES 519
- GLOSSARY 521
- APPENDIX C 522
- FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 527
- ARRIVAL BE STORED? 528
- HAT DOES THE OBS SOFTKEY DO? 528
- APPENDIX D 529
- ACTIVATED? 531
- APPENDIX E 534
- MISCELLANEOUS 534
- STORMSCOPE LIGHTNING STRIKES 534
- HAZARD AVOIDANCE FEATURES 536
- 190-00709-00 Rev. AI-2 538
- 190-00709-00 Rev. AI-4 540
- 190-00709-00 Rev. AI-6 542
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